Chengjiang and the Cambrian Explosion
29th January 2008

The spectacularly diverse early Cambrian biota of Chengjiang (Yunnan, China) provides by far the most vivid illustration of the "Cambrian Explosion" available.

A selection of beautifully preserved specimens is shown here.

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Sinoascus, a sharply preserved ctenophore.
Sinoascus, a sharply preserved ctenophore.
Onychodictyon ferox. 45 mm long on a 75 mm by 38 mm matrix.
Onychodictyon ferox. 45 mm long on a 75 mm by 38 mm matrix.
Fuxianhuia protensa  Hou 1987, 6 cm complete with eyes visible. It has a wide ‘head shield’ and broad, anterior part to its trunk, succeeded by a narrower abdomen. The pair of grasping appendages in the head indicates that it may have been carnivorous. The species is known only from the Chengjiang biota.
Fuxianhuia protensa Hou 1987, 6 cm complete with eyes visible. It has a wide ‘head shield’ and broad, anterior part to its trunk, succeeded by a narrower abdomen. The pair of grasping appendages in the head indicates that it may have been carnivorous. The species is known only from the Chengjiang biota.
Gungweicaris spinatus Luo, Fu et Hu 2007, 5 cm complete individual. Guanshan Fauna (a soft-bodied fauna dominated by arthropods, including trilobites, Tuzoia, Isoxys, and bradorids, in association with priapulids, brachiopods, anomalocaridids, vetulicoliids, sponges, chancellorids, and echinoderms. This new arthropod comes from the yellowish claystone in the lower part of the Wulongqing Formation, Canglangpuan Stage, Lower Cambrian. Kunming, Yunnan, China. Acta Geologica Sinica, Vol 81, No 1 (Feb 2007) pp 1-7
Gungweicaris spinatus Luo, Fu et Hu 2007, 5 cm complete individual. Guanshan Fauna (a soft-bodied fauna dominated by arthropods, including trilobites, Tuzoia, Isoxys, and bradorids, in association with priapulids, brachiopods, anomalocaridids, vetulicoliids, sponges, chancellorids, and echinoderms. This new arthropod comes from the yellowish claystone in the lower part of the Wulongqing Formation, Canglangpuan Stage, Lower Cambrian. Kunming, Yunnan, China. Acta Geologica Sinica, Vol 81, No 1 (Feb 2007) pp 1-7
Alalcomeneus illecebrosa, 23 mm long on a 50 mm by 70 mm matrix.  The long frontal appendages are folded under the head. The telson is preserved in an uplifted posture. Fine exopod setae preservation is seen in this specimen.
Alalcomeneus illecebrosa, 23 mm long on a 50 mm by 70 mm matrix. The long frontal appendages are folded under the head. The telson is preserved in an uplifted posture. Fine exopod setae preservation is seen in this specimen.
Jianfengia multisegmentalis Hou 1987, 25 mm rare opabiniid, part and counterpart.
Jianfengia multisegmentalis Hou 1987, 25 mm rare opabiniid, part and counterpart.
Articulated pair of Anomalocaris grasping appendages, 80 mm long, from Chengjiang.
Articulated pair of Anomalocaris grasping appendages, 80 mm long, from Chengjiang.
Waptia (Chuandianella) ovata. 18 mm long.
Waptia (Chuandianella) ovata. 18 mm long.
Ercaicunia multinodosa Luo & Hu 1999.  8 mm specimen showing rare preservation of antennae and limbs.
Ercaicunia multinodosa Luo & Hu 1999. 8 mm specimen showing rare preservation of antennae and limbs.
Tuzoia, 65 mm long. Mafang Village.
Tuzoia, 65 mm long. Mafang Village.
Kunmingella douvillei, 3- 5 mm bradoriid carapaces.
Kunmingella douvillei, 3- 5 mm bradoriid carapaces.
Primicaris lavaformis  Zhang et al. 2003.  4 mm individual. Notice the well-preserved anchor-shaped anteromedial ridge, a feature which links this form with the Ediacaran Parvancorina.
Primicaris lavaformis Zhang et al. 2003. 4 mm individual. Notice the well-preserved anchor-shaped anteromedial ridge, a feature which links this form with the Ediacaran Parvancorina.
Redlichia noetlingi (Redlich). 43 mm long complete trilobite from the Guanshan fauna.
Redlichia noetlingi (Redlich). 43 mm long complete trilobite from the Guanshan fauna.
Yunnanocephalus yunnanensis. 15 mm long on a 50 mm by 75 mm matrix. The faint left antenna is seen extending from the front of the cephalon.
Yunnanocephalus yunnanensis. 15 mm long on a 50 mm by 75 mm matrix. The faint left antenna is seen extending from the front of the cephalon.
Burithes yunnanensis Hou et al. 1999, 28 mm hyolithid.
Burithes yunnanensis Hou et al. 1999, 28 mm hyolithid.
Phlogites longus Luo & Hu (=Cheungkongella). Originally interpreted as a possible tunicate, but redescribed as a lophophorate and assigned to a new phylum Dendrobrachia (Hou Xian-Guang, Jan Bergström, Ma Xiao-Ya and Zhao Jie (2006).
Phlogites longus Luo & Hu (=Cheungkongella). Originally interpreted as a possible tunicate, but redescribed as a lophophorate and assigned to a new phylum Dendrobrachia (Hou Xian-Guang, Jan Bergström, Ma Xiao-Ya and Zhao Jie (2006).
Cricocosmia jinningensis. 60 mm long (if straightened) worm on a 28 mm by 25 mm matrix. The spine-covered proboscis is very well preserved and the body sclerites are preserved in relief.
Cricocosmia jinningensis. 60 mm long (if straightened) worm on a 28 mm by 25 mm matrix. The spine-covered proboscis is very well preserved and the body sclerites are preserved in relief.
Brachiopod Diandongia pista 9 mm by 7 mm and Hyolith (Ambrolievitus) or Selkirkia?, 12 mm long (or Selkirkia?). The brachiopod has extremely fine surface ornament.
Brachiopod Diandongia pista 9 mm by 7 mm and Hyolith (Ambrolievitus) or Selkirkia?, 12 mm long (or Selkirkia?). The brachiopod has extremely fine surface ornament.
Eldonia eumorpha, a probable holothurian, 80 mm across. Early Cambrian Qiongzhusi Section, Yu'anshan Member, Heilinpu Formation (~525 million years ago). Maotianshan Hill, Yuxi, Chengjiang County, Yunnan Province, China.
Eldonia eumorpha, a probable holothurian, 80 mm across. Early Cambrian Qiongzhusi Section, Yu'anshan Member, Heilinpu Formation (~525 million years ago). Maotianshan Hill, Yuxi, Chengjiang County, Yunnan Province, China.
Haikouella lanceolata. detail of one in a group of 6 examples of this craniate-like chordate, reaching 35 mm in length. Ercai Village, Haikou, Kunming; Lower Cambrian Maotianshan Shale. Chengjiang County, Yunnan Province, China.
Haikouella lanceolata. detail of one in a group of 6 examples of this craniate-like chordate, reaching 35 mm in length. Ercai Village, Haikou, Kunming; Lower Cambrian Maotianshan Shale. Chengjiang County, Yunnan Province, China.
Hazelia sp. 32 mm demosponge.
Hazelia sp. 32 mm demosponge.
Heliomedusa orienta, 14 mm craniopsid brachiopod, showing schizolophous lophophore (see Zhang et al. 2003) and fringe of setae.
Heliomedusa orienta, 14 mm craniopsid brachiopod, showing schizolophous lophophore (see Zhang et al. 2003) and fringe of setae.
Lingulella with preserved pedicle, 12 mm.
Lingulella with preserved pedicle, 12 mm.
Vetulicolia cuneata. Excellent complete 70 mm example of this probable tunicate (see Aldridge et al. 2007 for a review).
Vetulicolia cuneata. Excellent complete 70 mm example of this probable tunicate (see Aldridge et al. 2007 for a review).